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Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus
Biological insecticide
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Virus: Baculoviridae: Nuclear polyhedrosis
virus NOMENCLATURE:
Approved
name:
Spodoptera litura multi
capsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Other
names: SlNPV, SaNPV SOURCE:
Baculovirus that occurs widely in
nature, originally isolated from the beet armyworm, Spodoptera
litura (Hiibner). PRODUCTION:
Produced in larvae of Spodoptera
litura under controlled conditions. The baculovirus is separated
from the larval cadavers by centrifugation. TARGET PESTS:
For control of beet armyworm (Spodoptera
litura). TARGET CROPS:
Recommended for use in various outdoor
crops, including cotton, vegetables, grapes, ornamentals and glasshouse
vegetables and ornamentals. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY:
Mode
of action:
As with all insect baculoviruses, Spodoptera
litura NPV must be ingested to exert an effect. Following
ingestion, the virus enters the insect's haemolymph where it multiplies in
the insect body, leading to insect death. Biology: Spodoptera litura
is more active on small larvae than later larval instars. The virus is
ingested by the feeding larva and the protective protein matrix is dissolved
in the alkaline insect midgut, releasing the virus particles. These pass
through the peritrophic membrane and invade midgut cells by fusion with the
microvilli. The virus particles invade the cell nuclei, where they are
uncoated and replicated. Initial replication produces non-occluded virus
particles to hasten the invasion of the host insect but later the virus
particles are produced with protein matrices and remain infective when
released from the dead insects. Duration of development: Caterpillars cease feeding approximately
four days after infection and die after five to ten days. Efficacy: Spodoptera litura acts
relatively slowly as it has to be ingested and infect before it exerts any
effect on the insect host. It is important to ensure good cover of the
foliage to effect good control. Monitoring of adult insect laying patterns
and targeted application at newly hatched eggs gives better control than on
a mixed population. COMMERCIALISATION:
Formulation: Formulated as wettable powder
formulations (WP) and liquid concentrates. Tradenames: Spod-X , Spodo-lure. APPLICATION:
Monitor the occurrence of adults and
apply during egg laying. It is important to ensure that the foliage is well
covered. PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS:
Purity: Rod-shaped, elongated particles enclosed
in a protein crystalline matrix (occlusion body) with no human or mammalian
pathogenic bacteria. Efficacy of the formulation can be determined by
bioassay on Spodoptera litura larvae. Storage
conditions:
Store in a cool, dry place. Keep liquid
formulations refrigerated but don't freeze. Dry formulations can be stored
frozen. Do not expose to sunlight. Shelf-life: Wettable powder formulations are stable
for up to one year. Liquid formulations should be used within three months. COMPATIBILITY:
Compatible with most crop protection
agents that do not exert a repellent effect on Spodoptera
litura but do not use with copper-based fungicides or chlorinated
water. Should be applied in water at a neutral pH. MAMMALIAN TOXICITY:
Spodoptera litura
SaNPV
has not demonstrated evidence of toxicity, infectivity, irritation or
hypersensitivity to mammals. No allergic responses or other adverse health
problems have been observed by research workers, manufacturing staff or
users. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND NON-TARGET
TOXICITY: Spodoptera litura SaNPV
occurs in nature and, as such, is not expected to show any adverse effects
on non-target organisms. INDIAN LITERATURE
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