 
NCIPM at a Glance
 
Research
 
Services
|
Salient Research Achievements
|
|
Cotton
| Location |
IPM technology |
| Astha, Nanded District, MS |
-
Field sanitation and destruction of stubbles
-
Use of a single recommended variety/hybrid and synchoronized sowing of treated seeds (imidacloprid @ 7 g/kg seed).
-
Planting of Maize and Cowpea on borders for conservation of predators and parasitoids. Planting of Setaria spp. after every 9th row of cotton as bird perch.
-
Installation of Pheromone traps (@1/10 ha) against bollworms.
-
Release of egg parasitoids (Trichogramma chilonis) at appropriate time coinciding with the egg laying by bollworm
-
Spray of HaNPV 250 LE/ha followed by second release of Trichogramma or NSKE 5%
-
Need based spray of ecofriendly insecticides/fungicides
|
| Panihari, Sirsa district, Haryana |
-
Cultivar: H 1098
-
Neem seed powder extract @ 12.5 kg /ha.+ Beauveria bassiana @ 1.25 kg./ha.
-
Alphamethrin @ 500 ml/ha.+ Confidor @ 100 ml/ha.
-
Neem seed powder extract @ 12.5 kg /ha.
-
Quinalphos @ 2.250 l/ha.
-
Neem seed powder extract @ 12.5 kg /ha.+ B. bassiana @ 1.25 kg./ha.
-
Neem seed powder extract @ 12.5 kg /ha.+ B. bassiana @ 1.25 kg./ha.
|
| Mansa, Punjab
|
-
Early maturing, short duration, tolerant to CLCV and pests like LD 327, LH 1556, Ankur 651,Ganga Kaveri 151 and Whitegold.
-
Sida, Abutilon, Dhatura, Ageratum and other weeds were destroyed in and around the cotton crop areas.
-
Growing of okra, moong, arhar etc. in and around cotton fields avoided.
-
Deep ploughing, application of heavy rauni irrigation, use of N (30 kg / acre for varieties and 60 kg/acre for hybrid and (12 Kg P2O5 / acre) as per recommendations based on soil tests.
-
Crop sowing during April 15 to May 7 using 4 kg seed / acre for American cotton varieties; 3 kg seed / acre for arboreum cotton and 1.5 kg /acre for hybrids. Spacing of 67.5 cm from line to line and 45 cm from plant to plant and 67.5 x 75 cm was adopted for varieties and hybrids respectively.
-
First irrigation one month after sowing and thereafter manual thinning.
-
Hand weeding/tractor drawn cultivator.
-
Regular surveillance of insect pests on crop was carried at twice a week
-
Need based applications of pesticides. (i) Confidor 200 SL @ 100 ml (ii) Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 50 g (iii) Thiomethoxam 25 WG @ 100 g/ha for jassid.
-
Trichogramma chilonis (local strain) was released @ 1,50,000 per ha at 7 days interval during July to September.
Top |
Rice
| Location |
IPM module |
| Doodhli (Dehradun) |
- Planting of 'Dhaincha' for green manuring
- Seed treatment with Carbendazim
- Seedling root dip in Pseudomonas (5ml/litre of water)
- Planting of 2-3-seedlings/ hill
- Judicious fertilizer application ( 60 N:50 P:40 K kg per ha) and ZnSO4 @ 25 Kg/ha
- Installation of pheromone traps for YSB monitoring
- Release of Trichogramma japonicum (need based)
- Spot application of Tricyclazole (for blast), streptocycline (for BLB)
- Weed management – manual
- Systematic monitoring for insect pest, diseases and natural enemies
|
| Sobouli |
- Growing of ‘Dhaincha’ as green manure
- Seed treatment with carbendazim
- Seedling root dip in Pseudomonas (5 ml/litre of water)
- Planting of two seedlings / hill
- Judicious use of fertilizer and use of Zinc sulphate
- Pheromone traps for YSB monitoring (5/ha)
- Installation of straw bundles (20/ha) for enhancing spider population
- Release of parasitoids Trichogramma japonicum for YSB and LF (1-2 releases)
- Use of Tricyclazole for blast and streptocylcine for BLB
- Spray of buprofezin /thiomethoxam for BPH
- Regular monitoring of crop
|
| Ludhiana |
- Sowing of recommended variety
- Use of disease free healthy seed
- Seed treatment with carbendazim and streptocycline
- Seedling dip treatment with carbendazim
- Application of recommended doses of fertilizers
- Roughing of disease infected plants
- Use of pheromone traps for monitoring of YSB
- Release of Tricho cards
- Need based application of fungicides & insecticides
|
| Faizabad |
- Trimming of bunds and summer ploughing and destruction of crop residue.
- Treatment of seed before sowing.
- Timely planting (before 15th July) in well puddle field at recommended distance.
- Clipping of seedlings tips before planting.
- Destruction of weeds from main field as well as from bunds and irrigation channel.
- Balance use of fertilizers including Zn and proper water management.
- Monitoring of crop at weekly interval.
- Installation of pheromone traps and release of Trichogramma japonicum for stem borer
- Insecticide application for Gundhi bug
|
| Chhajpur Khurd, Panipat, Haryana (Taraori Basmati) |
-
Planting of 'Dhaincha' after wheat .
-
Seed treatment with carbendazim.
-
Planting of 2-3-seedlings/ hill (only few farmers).
-
Judicious fertilizer application ( 80 N:50 P:30 K kg per ha).
-
Installation of pheromone traps for YSB monitoring.
-
Release of Trichogramma japonicum (2 times).
-
Spot application of Tricyclazole (for blast), streptocycline (for BLB) and carbendazim (Sheath blight).
|
Sarurpur Distt. Baghpat, UP
(Pusa Basmati 1) |
-
Seed treatment with carbendazim @ 2.0gm/kg seed.
-
Monitoring of insect pests & diseases.
-
Release of parasitoid Trichogramma japonicum 1.5 lakhs/ha for Leaf Folder and Yellow Stem Borer after initiation of infestation.
-
Need based spray of insecticide and fungicide/bactericide (only spot application).
|
Tilwari, Dehradun
Dehraduni Basmati |
-
Dhaincha (Sesbania sp.) for green manuring
-
Seed treatment with Trichoderma
-
Judicious fertilizer application
-
Pheromone traps for YSB
-
Release of Trichogramma for YSB;
-
LF Spot application of carbendazimfor blast; streptocycline for BLB Systematic monitoring
|
| Organically grown Rice |
Organic Plant Protection Module |
Kaithal, Haryana |
-
Sanitation, Field preparation (Elevated, fortified FYM [Trichoderma], neem cake etc.,).
-
Mulching with Sesbania /blackgram/ greengram .
-
Application of Rock phosphate.
-
Monitoring through Pheromone traps (Stem borer).
-
Preventive sprays of Trichoderma, Pseudomonas , neem oil and Herbozymes.
-
Detopping, rope running, release of T. japonicum, conservation of spiders and other natural enemies.
Top |
Pulses
| Pigeonpea |
Location |
IPM module |
Hotala, Nanded, MS |
-
Variety - BSMR-736
-
Field Sanitation
-
Installation of pheromone traps
-
Shaking of plants
-
Spray of HaNPV & Spray of crude neem extract
|
| Mirzapur & Chandauli, Varanasi, UP |
- Prior to sowing, soil application of Trichoderma harzianum @ 10 g in 1 kg of FYM for controlling the pigeonpea wilt.
- High yielding variety with pest/disease tolerance.
- Sowing of pigeonpea crop in ridges for suppression of Phytophthora disease.
- Installation of pheromone traps @ 10/ha.
- Erection of bird perches @ 25/ha for facilitating predation of Helicoverpa larvae.
- Neem oil 2% -1 spray. Two applications of NSKE 5% in September and October
- Spray of Ha NPV @ 500 L.E. (1.5 x 1012 POB) / ha in September and October. Spray of endosulfan @ 2 litre/ha
|
Gulburga, Karnataka |
- Seed treatment with Trichoderma spp. (10gm/kg of seeds) reduced wilt incidence
- Intercropping with sorghum
- Fixing of Pheromone traps @5 per ha for monitoring
- Use physical shaking of plants to dislodge grownup larvae.
- Spray of HaNPV @ 450 LE/ha
- Crude neem extract 5% (NSKE) .
- Use chemical based strategies under high pest load
|
| Chickpea |
Ambadagaon, tq. Badnapur, Dist. Jalna |
- Seed treatment with local strains of Trichoderma and Rhizobium
- Coriander as intercrop
- Fixing of pheromone traps and bird perches,
- Mechanical collection of larvae
- Spray HaNPV, and
- Spray of chemical pesticides
|
Chhajpur, Haryana
Sirsa, Haryana
Jaipur, Rajasthan
Hotala, Nanded, MS |
-
Seed treatment (Trichoderma 4g/kg seed + Vitavax 2g/kg seed + Rhizobium)
-
Intercropping
-
Dead bird perches
-
Pheromone traps @ 2/ha HaNPV @ 250 LE/ha Neem seed extract 5% Endosulfan - Need based
Top |
Oilseeds
| Mustard |
| Location |
IPM module |
| |
- Seed Treatment with T. viride (10g/Kg seed)
- Date of Sowing : 15-25 October
- Use of recommended variety (T - 59)
- Need base application of fungicides & pesticides on the occurrence of disease and pest.
- Mechanical removal of aphid infested twigs from the field.
|
| Navgaon, Rajasthan |
- Proper planning of cropping pattern for avoiding diseases from previous crop.
- Summer ploughing to kill fungal spores and residual population of insect pests.
- Removal of previous crops residue from the fields to check the diseases.
- Sowing Oct. 11- 25 to reduce incidence of major insect pest and diseases.
- Apply recommended dose of fertilizers.
- Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg seed for soil borne diseases.
- Soil application of Trichoderma @ 1kg of Trichoderma mixed with 25 kg FYM /acre
- Garlic extract @2% for the management of white rust and soil borne diseases.
- Spray of dithane M-45 (0.2%) for Alternaria and white rust diseases.
- Removal of heavily disease infected plants from the field.
- Periodical weeding helps in reducing building up of painted bug population.
- Studies to know the natural enemy complex of painted bug.
- Conserve natural enemies
- Apply malathion 5% dust @ 25 kg/ha if needed.
|
Gurgaon, Haryana |
- Variety T-59.
- Optimum sowing dates, (by 15-25th Oct.).
- Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride @ 4g/kg seed.
- Mechanical picking of aphid-infested twigs at initial stage of attack.
|
| Mustard |
| Location |
IDM module for Stem Sclerotinia Rot |
| IARI, New Delhi |
- Pre-sowing time
- Deep summer ploughing
- Prepare level & well drained field
- Clean crop cultivation & removal of debris
- Crop rotation with non susceptible hosts
- Use proper dose of N60 : P40 : K40 : S40
- Sowing time:
- Sowing time between 16-31 October
- Use high quality seed free from sclerotia
- Seed treatment with Trichoderma @10g/kg
- Soil application, Trichoderma 1kg in 25kg/acre
- Proper spacing & proper seed rate
- Vegetative stage:
- Maintain optimum plant population
- Elimination of broad leaf weed, Chenopodium album
- Judicious use of irrigation on the basis of crop stage
- Flowering stage:
- Spray T.harzianum @ 2% at early bloom stage
- Rouging based on early ripening of SSR plant
- Collect & burn infected stem, stubbles etc.
|
| Groundnut |
| Mirzawali Mer, Kikaralia and Neolakhi |
- Seed treatment with Imidacloprid @ 2 ml/kg seed and Trichoderma harzianum @ 10g / kg seed
- Soil application of Trichoderma harzianum @ 4 kg/ha pre- incubated in 50 kg FYM for 15 days before sowing.
- Soil amendment with Neem cake @ 250 kg/ha
- Foliar spray of mancozeb @ 2 g/litre of water at the time of first appearance of leaf spot disease (ELS,LLS).
|
Vallabhnagar |
- Deep summer ploughing (April - May)
- Soil amendment with Neem cake 250 kg / ha.
- Seed treatment (imidacloprid @ 2 ml / kg seed + T . harzianum @ 10 gm / kg seed)
- Soil application T . harzianum @ 4 kg / ha. + 50 kg FYM (10 – 15 days before sowing)
- Growing recommended variety ( JL-24)
- Date of sowing 15th June – 7th July
- Installation of T shaped birds perches
- Foliar spray of fungicides (0.05 % carbendazim + mancozeb 0.2 %) at 45 and 60 DAS against early and late leaf spots and rust.
Top |
Vegetables
| Early cauliflower |
| Location |
IPM module |
| Palari Khurad village (Sonipat, Haryana) and Anantpura (Jaipur, Rajasthan) |
- Nursery
- Soil solarization/raised bed sowing/seed with T. harzianum @ 4g/kg seed and soil treatment 2.5kg/ha with FYM, /Neem cake application @50g/m2
- Before transplanting
- Sowing in raised bed /Seedling dip in T. harzianum (4g/l of water)/ Erection of pheromone traps for DBM and S.litura .
- After transplanting
- Hand Picking of egg masses/ bigger larvae/Plucking of leaves infested with bunch of neonate larvae
- Need based application of NSKE 5%, Sp NPV early in the season when infestation level is low and later spray of reduced risk insecticides like Novaluron/ spinosad/mancozeb
|
| Late rabi cauliflower and cabbage |
| Palari Khurad village (Sonipat, Haryana) (25 Acre area) and Anatpura village (Jaipur, Rajasthan) |
- Nursery
- Soil solarization/raised bed sowing/seed with T. harzianum @4g/kg seed and soil treatment 2.5kg/ha, /Neem cake application @50g/m2/ Seed treatment with imidacloprid @5g/kg
- Before transplanting
- Sowing in raised bed /Seedling dip in T. harzianum (4g/l of water)/ Erection of pheromone traps for DBM and S. litura
- Sowing of two lines of mustard after 25 rows of cauliflower
- After transplanting
- Installation of yellow sticky traps for trapping winged aphids
- Need based application of NSKE 5%, ethofenprox/diflubendamide mancozeb
|
| Cabbage |
| Village Jadipani |
- Per sowing (April-May)
- Well prepared raised beds of 10-15 cm height were applied with value added vermin-compost and were covered with transparent plastic sheet 3 weeks prior to sowing
- Sowing (June)
- Seed treatment with imidacloprid 3 g/100g , carbendazim 1gm/100g seed.
- Nursery stage (June-July)
- One spray of carbendazim @ 2.5gm/litre
- Transplanting (July)
- Seeding-dip in the suspension of bio-agent (Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescence) formulations.
- Monitoring major lepidopterous pests through pheromone traps.
- Early growth stage (July-Aug)
- Raised bed sowing and avoid water logging.
- Application of neem based insecticides/ Sl NPV or reduced risk insectcides.
- Hand picking o larvae/egg masses of Spodoptera litura
- Late growth stage (Sept-Oct)
- Application of mancozeb @ 2g/1
- Uprooting and destruction of infected leave
|
| Capsicum |
| Karnal |
Nursery raising
Adoption of raised nursery beds
Soil Solarisation with transparent polythene for about three weeks
Mixing of nursery soil with FYM enriched with Trichoderma harzianum
Application of Saaf fungicide (Bavistin+mancozeb) for collar rot
Main field
- Seedling dip in Pseudomonas before transplanting @ 5 ml/ litre
- Spray of neem product against aphids
- Spray of spinosad 45 SC biopesticide against thrips
- Erection of pheromone traps @ 2/acre )
- Periodic releases of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis )
- Spray of HaNPV @ 250 LE/ha 2-3 times in the initial stages) Fruit borer
- Application of biopesticide emmamectin benzoate 5 WDG )
- Periodic removal of borer or rot damaged fruits or mosaic virus complex affected plants
- Need based spray of imidacloprid (Aphids), acephate (thrips), Indoxacarb (fruit borer) and 0.02% mancozeb/Bavistin+Captan for collar & stem rot
|
| Village Chopdiyal |
- Per sowing (April-May)
- Well prepared raised beds of 10-15 cm height were applied with value added vermin-compost and were covered with transparent plastic sheet 3 weeks prior to sowing
- Sowing (June)
- Seed treatment with carbendazim 2gm/kg seed.
- Nursery June-July
- One spray of Pseudomonas formulation @ 10gm/litre water
- Transplanting (July)
- Seeding-dip in the suspension of bio-agent (Trichoderma harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescence) formulations.
- Early growth stage (July-Aug)
- Raised bed sowing and avoid water logging.
- Need based application on fungicides and insecticides.
- Late growth stage (Sept-Oct)
- Application of neem based insecticide
- Application of copper fungicides
- Harvesting stage (October)
- Uprooting and destruction of infected plants
|
Ginger |
| village Pali and Gaind |
- Per sowing
- FYM/vermin-compost value added with Trichoderma formulation @250g/q FYM. Chlorpyriphos @ 80 ml per 200square meter area as soil treatment
- Sowing
- Seed Rhizome treatment with mancozeb (2.5gm)+carbendazim (1gm)+ Chlorpyriphos (2ml) liter water for 0.5 to 1hr.
- Early growth stage
- Spraying of mancozeb (2gm)+ carbendazim (1gm)
- Spraying of Trichoderma + pseudomonas (2:1)formulation
- Hand picking and destruction of white grubs
- Harvesting stage
- Deep ploughing after harvesting of the crop
- Dipping of selected healthy seed rhizomes in mancozeb (2.5gm)+carbendazim (1gm)+ Chlorpyriphos (2ml) liter water for 0.5 to 1 hr. before drying in shade and storage.
|
| Okra |
| Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh |
-
Popular YVM resistant hybrids Sun- 40 & Makhmali.
-
Sowing of sorghum/maize as a border crop.
-
Yellow sticky polythene traps smeared with castor oil and Delta traps set up for white fly.
-
Erection of bird perches @ 10/acre Pheromone traps for monitoring of Earias vittella installed @ 5/ ha .
-
Three sprays of NSKE @ 5% for hopper, white fly and mites.
-
Five releases of Trichogramma chilonis starting from 42 days after sowing at weekly interval were made.
-
YVM affected plants , if any, & borer affected shoots rouged out from time to time.
-
3-4 sprays of Imidacloprid, cypermethrin, chlorpyriphos and fenvalerate insecticides.
|
| Brinjal |
|
-
Nursery Raised seed bed
-
Soil solarisation
-
Seed treatment with T. viride @4gm/ kg seed
-
Main Field Erection of bird perches @ 10/acre
-
Installation of Delta traps and yellow sticky traps for hopper and white fly Pheromone traps installed @ 5/ acre for Leucinodes orbonalis
-
Soil application of Neem cake @ 250 kg/ ha along the plant rows
-
Three sprays of NSKE @ 5% against leaf hoppers, aphids, mites
-
Six releases of egg parasite, T. brasiliensis @1.0 lakh/ha for shoot and fruit borer
-
Collection & destruction of egg masses, larvae and adults of hadda beetle Clipping of borer damaged shoots & collection & destruction of damaged fruits
-
Rouged out little leaf affected plants
-
One spray each of imidacloprid and cypermethrin in the crop season
Top |
Forewarning systems & Distribution maps
Thumb rule for prediction of Helicoverpa armigera
A forewarning system has been developed for Helicoverpa armigera in the Deccan region of India. It has been validated Gulbarga District of Karnataka.
Weather condition |
Level expected |
Surplus Monsoon, Deficit November rain |
Low |
Deficit Monsoon & Deficit November rain (or) Surplus Monsoon & Surplus November rain |
Moderate |
| Deficit Monsoon, Surplus November rain |
Severe |
Distribution maps
Pest Distribution maps of Rice & Cotton prepared using GIS (Seventy seven maps: 66 maps for individual years & 11 maps for hot spots) and published
Top
Databases
Pest Management Information System (PMIS) is a user friendly software which gives information about agronomic practices, pest, nematode, weeds, nutrient disorder natural enemies, resistant varieties etc and includes high resolution color photographs of insect pests, disease symptoms, weeds nematodes. The
front-end application has been developed using Visual Basic and back-end
database using MS Access. This is available in the form of CD-ROM. PMIS software
has been developed and released for the crops:
- Cotton
- Basmati Rice
- Chickpea
- Mustard
- Groundnut
Pesticide Advisor
Pesticide Advisor is a user friendly software which
provides information about the different pesticides registered in India, its
usage, shelf life, antidote, manufacturers etc. The front-end
application has been developed using Visual Basic and back-end using MS
Access. This is available in CD-ROM.
Features of software
- Pesticides Information at one place
- Choose safer pesticides
- Compare pesticides
- Pesticide safety, handling and first-aid information Includes video-films on safe handling of pesticides, preparation of pesticides for application technology etc.
- Registered Manufacturers General information such as pesticide act, registered, banned pesticides etc.
Top
Mass Production of Biocontrols and Bioagents
Predators and Parasitoids
- Host Insects reared in the Laboratory: C. cephalonica, Helicoverpa armigera
- Parasitoids: T. chilonis, T. japonicum, Chelonus blackburni
- Predators: Chrysoperla carnea
Development of Repository of Bioagents (Entomopathogens)
More than 70 cultures of microbial bio-agents belonging to fungi and bacteria with potential for integration in IPM are being maintained at NCIPM. The following cultures are available at NCIPM:
Trichoderma viride (three strains); T. harzianum (three strains); T. hamatum; T. reesei; T. pelluliferum; Gliocladium deliquescence; Penicillium funiculosum; Chaetomium globosum; Beauveria bassiana; Metarhizium anisopliae; Nomuraea rileyi; Bacillus thuringiensis (novel strains); Pseudomonas fluorescens
Bioagent production activities for IPM programmes
Microbials at smaller scale are produced in Microbial Laboratory for supply of the cultures to different cooperating centres and for different Institute’s IPM trials.
Evaluation of bio agents (strains) against insect pests
Species specificity of B. bassiana culture was verified at NCIPM. The following observations were made:
CICR, Nagpur strain found Effective against whitefly; PAU Ldh strains was effective against Phomopsis fruit rot of brinjal and was not infective to H. armigera; NCIPM strain was highly infective to H. armigera.
Screening of 30 isolates of Trichoderma
Isolates 10,13, 26, 28 and 29 were found effective against F. osysporum f spp. vasinfectum .
Isolates 10, 13, 21, 22, 23, 25 & 26 were effective against Fusarium ciceri .
Isolates 1,14, 18, 19, 20 & 26 were found effective against Sclerotium rolfssi.
Developed Straw Bundle Technology for conservation of spiders in paddy
A workable technology was developed to augment and conserve spiders in paddy using straw bundles (3 feet in length and 10 inches in diameter). These bundles are placed in sorghum fields for charging with spiders and other natural enemies. After 15 days of charging, these bundles are fixed vertically with bamboo sticks @ 20 bundles /ha in paddy fields having 20 days old transplanted seedlings in such a way that the lower portion of the bundle remain 6 inches above the water level. The technology resulted in multiplication of population to the extent of 15.3 lakh spiders per ha against 4.9 lakh in farmers’ practice.
Recorded two new parasitoids on mealy bug (Phenacoccus solenopsis)
Survey conducted in Pusa campus and nearby areas in Delhi during July and August, 2008 indicated the presence of cocoons of a hymenopterous parasitoid, Aenasius bambawalei (Chalcidodea: Encyrtidae) on mealy bug, Phenacoccus solenopsis on Parthenium. Its parasitization ranged from 20-70%. A survey conducted in five Tehsils of Parbhani (Maharashtra) in thssame year indicated the presence of cocoons of another hymenopterous parasitoid, Promuscidea unfasciativentris Girault (Chalcidodea: Aphelinidae) parasitizing P. solenopsis on cotton and Parthenium plants in four out of the five Tehsils surveyed. Both the parasitoids have successfully controlled mealy bug infestation on cotton and now these parasitoids have been recorded in most of the cotton growing districts of North and Central Zones.
Establishment of Biocontrol Laboratory and Consultancy
Established Bio control Laboratory at Shri Ram Solvent Extraction Pvt. Ltd., Jaspur (Uttranchal) for production of 50 tons of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas per annum; State Bio. Control Laboratory, Sirsa (Haryana); Provided consultancy for mass multiplication of Corcyra, Trichogramma, Trichoderma, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae.
Pheromones
Confirmed the existence of sex pheromone polymorphism in H. armigera as at variable loadings (1,5 and 10 mg) and ratios (97:3, 93:7 and 90:10 Z- 11 and Z- 9 Hexadecenal). Monitoring of the pest by one ratio reflects only a part of the actual field population. Therefore it is crucial that bouquet of blends be used for effective monitoring of the pest.
Trainings
Eleven trainings of 10 days each (one training per year) were provided to public and private entrepreneurs on Mass production technology of Biological Control Agents. The objectives of the trainings were to provide cutting edge technology to scientists and research workers already engaged in production of bio-agents or entrepreneurial young men who wish to set up mass production units for biological control agents. More than 200 persons have been trained.
Top
|
|
